The nature of ZbZ_b states from a combined analysis of Υ(5S)→hb(mP)π+π−\Upsilon(5S)\rightarrow h_b(mP) \pi^+ \pi^- and Υ(5S)→B(∗)Bˉ(∗)π\Upsilon(5S)\rightarrow B^{(\ast)}\bar B^{(\ast)}\pi

With a combined analysis of data on $\Upsilon(5S)\rightarrow h_b(1P,2P)\pi^+\pi^-$ and $\Upsilon(5S)\rightarrow B^{(\ast)}\bar B^{(\ast)}\pi$ in an effective field theory approach, we determine resonance parameters of $Z_b$ states in two scenarios. In one scenario we assume that $Z_b$ states are pure molecular states, while in the other one we assume that $Z_b$ states contain compact components. We find that the present data favor that there should be some compact components inside $Z_b^{(\prime)}$ associated with the molecular components. By fitting the invariant mass spectra of $\Upsilon(5S)\rightarrow h_b(1P,2P)\pi^+\pi^-$ and $\Upsilon(5S)\rightarrow B^{(\ast)}\bar B^{\ast}\pi$, we determine that the probability of finding the compact components in $Z_b$ states may be as large as about $40\%$.Comment: Discussions added, version published in EPJ

Detection of trehalose in porphyra extracts using mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

It is known that trehalose helps many plants to survive under desiccated environment26. This property of trehalose has also been proposed to explain why Porphyra could survive desiccation when left on dry land for a long period of time25. However, after extensive study25, effort at identifying trehalose in Porphyra has been unsuccessful, leaving the question of whether trehalose really exists in Porphyra unanswered. In my thesis research, in collaboration with Dr. Anita Klein, I set out to use ion-trap mass spectrometry and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the amount of trehalose in Porphyra extracts. Using these techniques, I was able to show for the first time that trehalose definitely exists and the amount decreases as Porphyra goes through desiccation. These results set the stage for further study in the role of trehalose plays in survival under desiccation

Optimisation du trafic aérien à l'arrivée dans la zone terminale et dans l'espace aérien étendu

Selon les prévisions à long terme du trafic aérien de l'Organisation de l'Aviation Civile Internationale (OACI) en 2018, le trafic mondial de passagers devrait augmenter de 4,2% par an de 2018 à 2038. Bien que l'épidémie de COVID-19 ait eu un impact énorme sur le transport aérien, il se rétablit progressivement. Dès lors, l'efficacité et la sécurité resteront les principales problématiques du trafic aérien, notamment au niveau de la piste qui est le principal goulot d'étranglement du système. Dans le domaine de la gestion du trafic aérien, la zone de manœuvre terminale (TMA) est l'une des zones les plus complexes à gérer. En conséquence, le développement d'outils d'aide à la décision pour gérer l'arrivée des avions est primordial. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons deux approaches d'optimisation qui visent à fournir des solutions de contrôle pour la gestion des arrivées dans la TMA et dans un horizon étendu intégrant la phase en route. Premièrement, nous abordons le problème d'ordonnancement des avions sous incertitude dans la TMA. La quantification et la propagation de l'incertitude le long des routes sont réalisées grâce à un modèle de trajectoire qui représente les informations temporelles sous forme de variables aléatoires. La détection et la résolution des conflits sont effectuées à des points de cheminement d'un réseau prédéfini sur la base des informations temporelles prédites à partir de ce modèle. En minimisant l'espérance du nombre de conflits, les vols peuvent être bien séparés. Outre le modèle proposé, deux autres modèles de la litérrature - un modèle déterministe et un modèle intégrant des marges de séparation - sont présentés comme références. Un recuit simulé (SA) combiné à une fenêtre glissante temporelle est proposé pour résoudre une étude de cas de l'aéroport de Paris Charles de Gaulle (CDG). De plus, un cadre de simulation basé sur l'approche Monte-Carlo est implémenté pour perturber aléatoirement les horaires optimisés des trois modèles afin d'évaluer leurs performances. Les résultats statistiques montrent que le modèle proposé présente des avantages absolus dans l'absorption des conflits en cas d'incertitude. Dans une deuxième partie, nous abordons un problème dynamique basé sur le concept de Gestion des Arrivées Étendue (E-AMAN). L'horizon E-AMAN est étendu jusqu'à 500 NM de l'aéroport de destination permettant ainsi une planification anticipée. Le caractère dynamique est traitée par la mise à jour périodique des informations de trajectoires réelles sur la base de l'approche par horizon glissant. Pour chaque horizon temporel, un sous-problème est établi avec pour objectif une somme pondérée de métriques de sécurité du segment en route et de la TMA. Une approche d'attribution dynamique des poids est proposée pour souligner le fait qu'à mesure qu'un aéronef se rapproche de la TMA, le poids de ses métriques associées à la TMA devrait augmenter. Une étude de cas est réalisée à partir des données réelles de l'aéroport de Paris CDG. Les résultats finaux montrent que grâce à cet ajustement anticipé, les heures d'arrivée des avions sont proches des heures prévues tout en assurant la sécurité et en réduisant les attentes. Dans la troisième partie de cette thèse, on propose un algorithme qui accélère le processus d'optimisation. Au lieu d'évaluer les performances de tous les aéronefs, les performances d'un seul aéronef sont concentrées dans la fonction objectif. Grâce à ce changement, le processus d'optimisation bénéficie d'une évaluation d'objectif rapide et d'une vitesse de convergence élevée. Afin de vérifier l'algorithme proposé, les résultats sont analysés en termes de temps d'exécution et de qualité des résultats par rapport à l'algorithme utilisé à l'origine.According to the long term air traffic forecasts done by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 2018, global passenger traffic is expected to grow by 4.2% annually from 2018 to 2038 using the traffic data of 2018 as a baseline. Even though the outbreak of COVID-19 has caused a huge impact on the air transportation, it is gradually restoring. Considering the potential demand in future, air traffic efficiency and safety will remain critical issues to be considered. In the airspace system, the runway is the main bottleneck in the aviation chain. Moreover, in the domain of air traffic management, the Terminal Maneuvering Area (TMA) is one of the most complex areas with all arrivals converging to land. This motivates the development of suitable decision support tools for providing proper advisories for arrival management. In this thesis, we propose two optimization approaches that aim to provide suitable control solutions for arrival management in the TMA and in the extended horizon that includes the TMA and the enroute phase. In the first part of this thesis, we address the aircraft scheduling problem under uncertainty in the TMA. Uncertainty quantification and propagation along the routes are realized in a trajectory model that formulates the time information as random variables. Conflict detection and resolution are performed at waypoints of a predefined network based on the predicted time information from the trajectory model. By minimizing the expected number of conflicts, consecutively operated flights can be well separated. Apart from the proposed model, two other models - the deterministic model and the model that incorporates separation buffers - are presented as benchmarks. Simulated annealing (SA) combined with the time decomposition sliding window approach is used for solving a case study of the Paris Charles de Gaulle (CDG) airport. Further, a simulation framework based on the Monte-Carlo approach is implemented to randomly perturb the optimized schedules of the three models so as to evaluate their performances. Statistical results show that the proposed model has absolute advantages in conflict absorption when uncertainty arises. In the second part of this thesis, we address a dynamic/on-line problem based on the concept of Extended Arrival MANagement (E-AMAN). The E-AMAN horizon is extended up to 500NM from the destination airport so as to enhance the cooperation and situational awareness of the upstream sector control and the TMA control. The dynamic feature is addressed by periodically updating the real aircraft trajectory information based on the rolling horizon approach. For each time horizon, a sub-problem is established taking the weighted sum of safety metrics in the enroute segment and in the TMA as objective. A dynamic weights assignment approach is proposed to emphasize the fact that as an aircraft gets closer to the TMA, the weight for its metrics associated with the TMA should increase. A case study is carried out using the real arrival traffic data of the Paris CDG airport. Final results show that through early adjustment, the arrival time of the aircraft can meet the required schedule for entering the TMA, thus ensuring overall safety and reducing holding time. In the third part of this thesis, an algorithm that expedites the optimization process is proposed. Instead of evaluating the performance of all aircraft, single aircraft performance is focused and a corresponding objective function is created. Through this change, the optimization process benefits from fast evaluation of objective and high convergence speed. In order to verify the proposed algorithm, results are analyzed in terms of execution time and quality of result compared to the originally used algorithm

Atomic Entanglement vs Photonic Visibility for Quantum Criticality of Hybrid System

To characterize the novel quantum phase transition for a hybrid system consisting of an array of coupled cavities and two-level atoms doped in each cavity, we study the atomic entanglement and photonic visibility in comparison with the quantum fluctuation of total excitations. Analytical and numerical simulation results show the happen of quantum critical phenomenon similar to the Mott insulator to superfluid transition. Here, the contour lines respectively representing the atomic entanglement, photonic visibility and excitation variance in the phase diagram are consistent in the vicinity of the non-analytic locus of atomic concurrences.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Regulatory effect of resveratrol on the expressions of factors and surface markers in alveolar macrophages of Aspergillus fumigatus-infected COPD rat model, and the associated mechanism

Purpose: To study the influence of resveratrol on chronic obstruction in Aspergillus fumigatus infection-induced chronic lung disease (COPD) in rats, and the process involved. Methods: Seventy-five Sprague Dawley SD) rats were assigned to blank control, COPD model, Aspergillus fumigatus-infected COPD model, low (100 mg/kg) and high-dose (200 mg/kg) resveratrol groups, with 15 rats in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assay IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while lung protein concentrations of AMPK and PGC-1α were assayed by immunoblotting. Results: In low- and high-dose resveratrol groups, inflammatory factor levels were significantly lower than the corresponding levels in COPD model and Aspergillus fumigatus-infected COPD model (p < 0.05), while lung tissue proteins of AMPK, PGC-1α, and AQP5 of the rats given high-dose resveratrol were significantly raised, relative to corresponding levels in rats given low-dose resveratrol (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Resveratrol modulates expression levels of secretory factors and surface markers in alveolar macrophages in COPD model rats infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. Resveratrol exerts this effect through the regulation of AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway

Study on the bolt-mesh-anchor support technology for mining roadway in complex coal seam

The stability of mining roadway is affected significantly by the condition of the surrounding rock and stress regime, which is the key factor for determining the roadway support program. Located in syncline axis, the No.15 seam is a steep seam at - 230 m level in Changgouyu coal mine, the original flexible shield cannot meet the safety and production requirement. The No.15 seam is classified as unstable and relatively complex according to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The distribution characteristics of stress in the seam around the synclinal axis before and after mining are analysed by use of FLAC2D. According to the complexity of the coal seam and the stress distribution characteristics, the supporting parameters using bolt-mesh-anchor were selected and implemented successfully in an underground roadway, which can be referred to as in the design of roadway support in similar complicated coal seams

A study of the effects of potential excursions and the environment on the effectiveness of cathodic protection

In this work, new experimental approaches have been employed to overcome conventional technological difficulties and leading to a new fundamental understanding in the CP failure and buried steel corrosion due to the effects of potential excursions and the complex soil environment